iPhone - Change Email Tone
This is while using an iPhone 4 with iOS 4.3.3 firmware.
I prefer to use Cyberduck to SSH into my iPhone to change and explore files.
Your new email tone must be a .caf file. If you have a .aif file you can simply rename it using the .caf extension and it will work.
The email tone is located at /System/Library/Audio/UISounds/.
You will have to rename whatever new email tone you have to new-mail.caf for this to work. Delete the old new-mail.caf from your iPhone and replace it with the new new-mail.caf file.
Restart your phone and test.